SOB [Histopathology]

Study the Slide provided

A) Name the organ shows (1m)

B) Describe the microscopic characteristic (3m)

C) What is your diagnosis (1m)

D) What investigation that you would like to perform (3m)

E) What is the complication of the disease (2m)

Answer

A) Lung

B) 1) Dilation of airspaces

2) Ruptured alveoli wall @ Loss of airway wall

3) Capillaries in septal wall are thinned and stretch

4) Destruction of septal wall

C) Emphysema

D) 1) Lung function test

- Evidence of airflow limitation

- Ratio of FEV₁ : FVC is reduced

2) Chest X Ray

- Hyper inflated lung, flattened diafghram, large retrosternal space on lateral film

3) α₁ – Antitrypsin levels

- Normal (2-4 g/L)

E) 1) Respiratory failure

2) Cor Pulmonale

Shortness of breath [Pathology]

Study the picture below

A) Name the specimen (2m)

B) How do you identify the specimen. (3m)

C) What pathological condition can be seen on the specimen (1m)

D) What is your diagnosis base on the specimen (2m)

E) Name two predisposing factor (2m)

Answer

A) Right lungs

B) 1) 3 lobes (superior, middle and inferior)

2) 2 fissures (transverses and oblique)

3) Presence of the hilum of the lung

C) 1)Varying size of subpleural bullae and cyst

2) air filled cyst-like or bullae like.

D) Emphysema

E) 1) Smoking

2) α₁ – Antitrypsin deficiencies.