73 years old farmer presented to you because of painful defecation for 5 times today. According to the patient, the stool is blend with mucous and blood.
1) What is your diagnosis? (1m)
2) Name two most common organisms that can cause this disease (2m)
3) Route of transmission (1m)
4) Give 4 ways in controlling the transmission of the disease (2m)
4) Pathophysiology of all signs and symptoms in this patient (4m)
18 Years old Malay boy was brought to Emergency Department by Emergency Medical Dispatch after involving in Motor Vehicle Accident. Below is his vital sign
Temperature: 37
Pulse rate: 145 beat per minutes
Respiratory rate: 18 beat per minutes
Blood pressure: 70/50 mmHg
Questions
1) Comment on the vital signs (3m)
2) What is the body physiological reaction towards this patient (4m)
3) Outline the principles of management for this patient. (3m)
20 Years old Malay guy with underlying Diabetes Mellitus type 1 presented to Emergency department because of drowsiness, lethargy and abdominal pain. Below is the result of his Arterial blood gas
pH: 7. 25
PCO2: 38 mmHg
Hco3-: 14 mmol/L
Questions
1) Comment on his acid base balance and justify your answer (4m)
2) Explain the Compensatory mechanism that you expect in this patient. (6m)
for answer, click [here]
5 Years old Malay boy who is on a regular blood transfusion presented with lethargy, palpitation and anorexia. His brother also faces the same condition. On examination, He appeared pale and tachypnoeic. On abdominal examination, the liver is palpable 5cm below subcostal margin and the spleen is palpable 3cm below subcostal margin.
Hb electrophoresis HbA2 (3.5%)
HbF (92%)
HbA (4.5%)
Questions
1) What is your diagnosis (2m)
2) What is the mode of inheritance responsible for the Hb electropheresis result (1)
3) Explain the findings of her abdominal examination (3m)
4) What type of blood product that you want to transfuse to him? (1m)
5) List the possible long-term complications of the blood transfusion (3m)